B. Igniting Hope for the Victims of Gross Human Rights Violations to Achieve Justice In 2023, Komnas HAM RI faced several new human rights challenges to resolve cases of gross human rights violations. First, the rejection of candidates for ad hoc human rights judges at the cassation level by the Commission III of DPR RI. The selection of ad hoc human rights judges at the cassation level is very urgent because the legal process has stalled because there are no ad hoc human rights judges who will try the case. The Commission pushed for an appeal based on the dissenting opinion of two members of the ad hoc panel of judges at the Makassar District Court. The dissenting opinion stated that the defendant was proven to be in charge of command when the incident occurred. The Commission stated that the cassation court was strategic in testing the application of the law (judex jurist) of the acquittal of the defendant in the Paniai gross human rights violation case. Even though it is strategic to enforce the gross human rights violations, after carrying out due diligence, the Commission III of DPR RI rejected all candidates for ad hoc human rights judges proposed by the Judicial Commission (KY - Komisi Yudisial) and the Supreme Court (MA Mahkamah Agung). This rejection was based on considerations of the integrity and capability of the prospective judges. This rejection requires the KY and MA to re-select ad hoc judge candidates. According to Komnas HAM RI, the rejection of the ad hoc Human Rights judge at the cassation level by the Commission III shows: (1) the unpreparedness of human rights courts in Indonesia; and (2) the law enforcement in the cases of gross human rights violations is still weak. Based on this situation, the Commission recommends prerequisites for ad hoc human rights judges at the cassation level as shown in the figure below: Responding To New Challenges: Respecting, Protection, And Fulfillment Of Human Rights In 2023 25