Malaysia, the lack of documentation, compounded with their inability to trace information on their parents’ statuses of nationality and marriage in order to prove their links to Malaysia, leaves them stateless with very few options for recourse. Figure 5: Citizenship determination infographic from the Ministry of Home Affairs’ Twitter account (KDN, 2021) 3.4.3 Nationality laws and implementation in practice for persons with long-standing residence since pre-independence and their descendants Persons with long-standing residence since pre-independence and their descendants, primarily the migrant populations born in Malaysia before Malaysia Day (e.g. Indian persons of Tamil descent, Chinese persons, and persons of Siamese descent) qualify for citizenship by operation of law under Article 14(1). Any person born in the Federation between Merdeka Day, which was 31 August 1957, until Malaysia Day, which was 16 September 1963, automatically qualifies for Malaysian citizenship by operation of law under Article 14(1)(a). This provision is conditional on the 71