19B. For the purposes of Part I and II of this Schedule any new born child found exposed in any place shall be presumed, until the contrary is shown, to have been born there of a mother permanently resident there; and if he is treated by virtue of this Section as so born, the date of the finding shall be taken to be the date of the birth. Third, there is a safeguard for adopted children’s right to a nationality. Section 9(1) of the 1952 Adoption Act provides that an adopted child’s legal position is the same as the position of a biological child. Adopted children born in the country are subject to the provisions of acquiring citizenship by operation of law that biological children are subject to, as long as their adoptive parents are either a citizen or permanent resident. 9. (1) Upon an adoption order being made, all rights, duties, obligations and liabilities of the parent, guardian of the adopted child, in relation to the future custody, maintenance and education of the adopted child, including all rights to appoint a guardian or to consent or give notice of dissent to marriage shall be extinguished, and all such rights, duties, obligations and liabilities shall vest in and be exercisable by and enforceable against the adopter as though the adopted child was a child born to the adopter in lawful wedlock: Provided that, in any case where two spouses are the adopters, such spouses shall in respect of the matters provided in this subsection and for the purpose of the jurisdiction of any Court to make orders as to the custody and maintenance of and right of access to children stand to each other and to the adopted child in the same relation as they would have stood if they had been the lawful father and mother of the adopted child, and the adopted child shall stand to them respectively to a lawful father and mother, respectively. However, in practice, these provisions and safeguards fail to prevent or reduce cases of statelessness because there are no administrative guidelines or procedures regarding the implementation of these constitutional safeguards to prevent statelessness. This leaves stateless persons with limited viable remedies to acquire a nationality. 69