｜Chapter 4｜ Reactions and Considerations towards Hate Speech [Frequency of Hate Speech or Violation] It is necessary to investigate whether the hate speech towards the target group is quantitatively expanding in personal and public areas and whether it is likely that the discrimination and hostility will develop into violence towards the target group. [Securing Counter Expressions and Countermeasures] It is necessary to investigate the activity of oppositional media from human rights organizations or supporters of human rights, and whether there are public movements to counter the particular form of hate speech. It should also be considered whether the members of the target group can put forward counter expressions against the discrimination, hostility, and hate speech without great anxiety or fear, and whether the target group has the political and social competences to go against the discrimination, hostility, and violence to determine the harmful effects of the hate speech. 3) Range of Hate Speech Hate speech varies in effectiveness and impact based on how it is stated. The dangers of harmful effects increase with a greater range and size of hate speech. The range of hate speech is determined by the following factors, in addition to the size of the audience. [Publicness] It is necessary to investigate whether it is possible for more people to come across hate speech, considering the type of media used and the location of the hate speech. 54