278 Chasing the Wind: Assessing Philippine Democracy, Second Edition sectors”, 59–60, 185–89, 191, 256; political dynasties, 191; pork barrel scandal, 186; proportional representation, 60; reform, 185; representatives, 186–89; vertical accountability, 256 Party switching, 23 Party system (political party), 49, 52, 54–57, 64, 251 “Pasalubong”, 89 Patrimonialism, 81, 82 Patriotism, 236 Patronage, Politics of, 51, 93 PCOS. Search under Precinct Count Optical Scanner PDAP. Search under Priority Development Assistance Project Peace-building, 90 Peace Bonds, 118 Peer review, 240 People power, 122, 205: fatigue on, 123 table 4. Search also EDSA Revolution Penson, Ricardo, 166 “Persistence” cycle, 63, 64 Petition for Mandamus, 172 PhilComSoc. Search under Philippine Computer Society Philippine Assembly, 75 Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism (PCIJ), 61, 94, 120, 213, 220, 222, 223 Philippine Collegian, University of the Philippines, 216 Philippine Commission (1902), 75 Philippine Computer Society (PhilComSoc), 151–52, 155, 170 Philippine Constitution: 1935, 101; 1987, 204, 256, 101. Search also Constitution Philippine Councilors League, 129 Philippine democratization, 108 Philippine Human Development Report (PHDR) 2008/2009, 24–25, 51–52, 61, 79, 97 Philippine Independence Act, 76 Philippine Information Agency, 206 Philippine Journalist Code of Ethics, 210 Philippine News Agency, 206 Philippine politics: “patrimonial”/”personalistic” nature, 80 Philippine presidential system, 56 Philippine Revolution (1896), 75 Philippine Statistical Authority (PSA), 61 Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), 230 Philippines Progress Report (2010), 96–97 Philippines: anti-corruption programs, 95–96; class and identity, 55; constitutional structure, 78–79; democracy, 32, 34; democratic consolidation, 84; democratization, 49–54, 75; economic growth, 49; elections, 22–23, 47–48, 49–54; governance, 22, 26–27, 29, 30; institutions, 25, 79; military adventurism, 89; nondemocracy, 48; party system, 52; political democracy, 22–32; president's executive power, 87; public nance, 98; security sector governance, 91; separation of powers, 87–88; “soft state”, 79; stalled democratic transition, 82; “struggle for a fuller democracy”, 79; systems of checks and balances, 87–88 Piamonte, Mariano, 187 Pimentel, Aquilino “Koko”, 98 Pimentel, Aquilino “Nene”, III, 135n13 Plato, 4 Political activists: summary executions and disappearances of, 99–100, 209–210 Political clans, 50 Political dynasties, 192, 194, 196, 233: Rivalry, 195. Search also Political families Political families, 51–52, 57–58, 64, 66n10,192–93, 195, 200–201, 248: by province/region, 71 appendix 1; and elections, 61. Search also Political dynasties Political Good Governance Index (PGGI), 66n17 Political institutions, 79, 80: and development, 97 Political participation, 7, 8, 15 Political parties, 31: and democratization, 54–60 Political regimes, 14, 16, 21, 32–34 Political rights, 5, 52, 246, 248, 255, 258 Political rules, 78, 79 Political socialization, 231–34, 249: family, role of, 234; Filipino, 241; parental transmission, 233; young generation, 239. Search also Socialization Political society, 117 Political society, Autonomous/valued, 84 Political system, 49: regular elections, 76 Politicians: control-driven, 194–96, 200; dagdagbawas, 197; opportunism, 194–96, 200; party-switching, 196; rich and elites, 194–96; vote rigging, 197 Politics, Oligarchic, 32–33 Political system: delineation, 29 Poll automation, 145–52, 155–57, 167, 256: automation cheating, 147, 150–53, 161–62, 165–66, 167–68, 170–71, 197; software virus, 159 POPDEMS, 134n7 Popular control, 19, 7, 15 Popular mobilization, 44, 122 Popular resistant movement, 44 Pork barrel scandals, 99, 107, 119, 195, 255 Pork barrel. Search under Priority Development