Appendix 1: International human rights standards relating to solitary confinement (segregation) and restraint use, with a focus on women Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) Article 12 1 States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in the field of health care in order to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, access to health care services, including those related to family planning. 2 Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph I of this article, States Parties shall ensure to women appropriate services in connection with pregnancy, confinement and the post-natal period, granting free services where necessary, as well as adequate nutrition during pregnancy and lactation. The United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Noncustodial Measures for Women Offenders (the “Bangkok rules”). The Rules64 were adopted by the UN General Assembly in December 2010. They were developed to supplement and complement, as appropriate the Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (SMR) and the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-Custodial Measures (the “Tokyo rules”) in relation to the treatment of women prisoners and alternatives to prison for women offenders. The Rules address the gender specific requirements of women prisoners, including those arising from pregnancy and childcare. Key Rules relevant to issues discussed in this report are listed below. 64 60 For a full text of the Bangkok Rules, see: http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/ProfessionalInterest/ BangkokRules.pdf