The Commission also continues to monitor human rights violations in Papua throughout January – December 2023. The monitoring found at least 114 incidents of human rights violations. The monitoring covers the scope of alleged violations of civil and political rights as well as economic, social and cultural rights, including the rights of vulnerable groups. Of the total human rights violations, 81 incidents had dimensions of violence and armed conflict spread throughout the province. The distribution of areas of armed conflict and violence in Papua throughout 2023 can be seen in the diagram below. Figure 2.4. Distribution of Armed Conflict and Violence Areas in Papua in 2023 The Commission, through the Human Rights Situation Observation Team in Papua towards a Comprehensive Humanitarian Dialogue (Team Papua) initiated three patterns of strategies or approaches in handling human rights problems in Papua, namely: Table 2.4. Initiation of Three Strategy Patterns in Handling Human Rights Problems in Papua STRATEGY PATTERNS ELABORATION Observation of the Human Rights Situation in Papua This strategy aims to create a conducive human rights situation. In 2023, the Team focused on handling and fulfilling the rights of refugees, especially refugees from Maybrat Regency, Southwest Papua. Apart from that, the team focused on the impact of the policy of expanding the New Autonomous Region (DOB) in the Papua region, including the Papua Mountain Province. Responding To New Challenges: Respecting, Protection, And Fulfillment Of Human Rights In 2023 29