Media Handbook for National Human Rights Institutions Chapter 5: Supporting journalists in their work IN THIS CHAPTER: 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Challenges to freedom of expression 5.3. Challenges to human rights reporting 5.4. Promoting excellence in human rights reporting 5.1. INTRODUCTION Access to independent and reliable information is essential to the health of a country’s democracy. Firstly, it gives people a solid foundation on which they can make responsible and informed decisions about the issues that are important to them. Secondly, access to information is a vital component for ensuring the accountability of government and other powerful institutions. A strong and independent media – one which is free to question and critique – plays a vital accountability role. Often described as the “fourth estate” (or the fourth branch of government), the media has long been viewed as a key mechanism through which the public can hold their governments to account. By drawing attention to human rights violations and systemic discrimination, the media can bring these issues to the centre of public debate, raise community awareness and demand a response from government and other decision-makers. The media is also a key shaper of community attitudes. Almost everyone relies on the media to find out what is “news”, to follow discussion of key social, economic and political topics and to participate in public debate. The power of the media to frame and influence how the public thinks and feels about particular issues, including human rights issues, continues to be very significant. Media reporting can, for instance, promote the social, economic and cultural benefits of migration and the contribution of migrant workers. On the other hand, inaccurate or biased reporting and commentary can inflame prejudice and discrimination towards migrants and refugees. Given the vital role of the media in helping to build strong and fair communities, NHRIs should ensure they take active steps to support the work of journalists and media outlets in the country. This includes being strong and consistent advocates for freedom of expression and freedom of information; identifying and advocating practical steps that can create the legal, political and social conditions required for independent journalism; and supporting journalists to report accurately on human rights issues. Chapter 5: Supporting journalists in their work | 69