2) College Students’ Lawsuit Against Labor Dispute of College Cleaning Workers A) Labor and Management Conflict that Started with the Installation of Rest Areas, and Labor-School Conflicts In accordance with Article 128-2 of the ‘Occupational Safety and Health Act,’ which will take effect from Aug. 2022, workplaces with 10 or more employees employing two or more workers in seven vulnerable occupations, such as cleaners and security guards, must establish rest facilities to be used during breaks so the employees can relieve physical fatigue and mental stress.589) The Ministry of Employment and Labor requested employers to voluntarily establish rest facilities because they are “important facilities that can prevent industrial accidents and diseases on the job.”590) Moreover, in accordance with Article 79-2 of the ‘Regulations on Industrial Safety and Health Standards,’ employers must establish washroom, bath facilities and changing, laundry facilities in places easily accessible to workers who are constantly engaged in cleaning duties. However, according to a survey by the Seoul branch of the Public Transportation Workers Union, of 146 rest rooms at 11 universities591) in Seoul, only 16 (10.6%) have shower rooms, and 46 are located in the basement or under the stairs. The Seoul branch of the Public Transport Workers Union stated that 71 places (48.6%) needed improvements due to noise, ventilation, lighting, and room size.592) Cleaning workers at Y University took a collective action in 2022, demanding improvements in treatment, such as wage increase and shower room installation. The Seoul Regional Labor Relations Commission recommended an hourly wage increase to the Y University cleaning service company through mediation procedures, but it was not accepted, and the Y University cleaning workers demanded action from the school from Apr., and held a rally on campus. When the cleaning workers held rallies and demonstrations using 589) In case of non-compliance, fines may be imposed, but in the case of workplaces with less than 50 full-time workers and construction sites with a construction cost of less than 5 bil. KRW, the fine is suspended for one year until August 18, 2023. 590) MOEL Press Release, Aug. 17, 2022. 591) Korea University, Kwangwoon University, Duksung Women's University, Dongduk Women's University, Sogang University Gonzaga Dormitory, Sungshin Women's University, Sookmyung Women's University, Yonsei University, Ewha Women's University, Indeok University, Hongik University 592) Daily Labor News, “9 out of 10 university cleaning workers' lounges do not have showers,” Aug. 25, 2022. 241