｜Chapter 2｜ Concept and Types of Hate Speech 3. Types of Hate Speech It is difficult to organize hate speech into subcategories. There are various types of hate speech that range from simple prejudice to inciting violence, and there are also limitations in classifying types of hate speech using superficial terms without considering the context. However, types of hate speech may be helpful in understanding the concepts and aspects of hate speech. Although the following types do not assume legal measures, they may also be used as references to apply legal measures. 1) Insulting Hate Speech: Expressions that insult, degrade, abuse, or threaten A major type of hate speech is “insulting hate speech.” This refers to an expression that insults, degrades, abuses, or threatens the target group and is prohibited by legislation on hate speech by many countries, including Great Britain’s Public Order Act 1986. This type of hate speech shows prejudice towards a particular target group, insults the target group, or compares the target group to animals to describe them as a group that should be avoided or eliminated. Such prejudice may generalize a target group with a negative image. An example is calling women “Kimchi ladies” or “Doenjang ladies” to state that women spend too much money and are vain. This also includes describing migrant workers from particular countries as lazy or dirty, and calling refugees “fake refugees.” The chant “He’ll shoot, he’ll score, he’ll eat your Labrador” aimed at Heung-Min Son, a professional South Korean footballer who plays at the Premier 18