｜Chapter 2｜ Concept and Types of Hate Speech The characteristics given to target groups of hate speech are not voluntary choices of individuals, and cannot be changed with their own will without damaging their personal identity. There has been a recent rise in the awareness of hate that ignores and excludes groups that are considered inferior from a socioeconomic position in Korea. Although target groups of hate speech may be universal globally, target groups may differ by area or country. For example, in Korean society, racism includes discrimination not only against black people, but also people from countries where migrant workers, children of multicultural families, married migrant women, and Muslim people tend to be from. 2) Negative Ideas and Prejudice Hate speech includes negative ideas and prejudice towards a particular target group. In other words, hate speech does not simply describe or explain the target group in neutral terms. Negative ideas and prejudice come from stereotypes that have been developed over a long period of time. Some stereotypes assert that people from a particular country are incompetent, have high crime rates, or that women are inferior. Sometimes, stereotypes that may seem positive, such as “those with disabilities are kind” and “African Americans have great physical traits” may also become hate speech that reinforces discrimination. Negative ideas and prejudices towards a target group serve as justification for spreading discrimination against the group. They may not stop at simple negative emotions, but may lead to hostility or antagonism towards the group such as not wishing to live with them or wishing that they will disappear out of sight. 14