Endnotes 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 76 Communicable Diseases Network Australia, CDNA National Guidelines for COVID-19 Outbreaks in Correctional and Detention Facilities, Version 5 (24 June 2022), 6 <https://www.health.gov.au/sites/ default/files/documents/2022/07/cdna-nationalguidelines-for-covid-19-outbreaks-in-correctionaland-detention-facilities.pdf>. Australian Human Rights Commission, Management of COVID-19 risks in immigration detention (2021), 39 <https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/ document/publication/ahrc_covid-19_immigration_ detention_2021.pdf>. Commonwealth Ombudsman, Monitoring Immigration Detention The Ombudsman’s Oversight of Immigration Detention 1 July 2020 to 30 June 2021 (June 2022), 69 <https://www.ombudsman.gov. au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/115005/Monitoringimmigration-detention-report-July-2020-to-June-2021. pdf>. Australian Human Rights Commission, Inspection of Yongah Hill Immigration Detention Centre: Report — 16–18 May 2017 (2017), 27–28 <https:// humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/document/ publication/17.12.XX%20YHIDC%20inspection%20 report.pdf>. Australian Human Rights Commission, Inspections of Australia’s immigration detention facilities 2019 Report (December 2020), 138 <https://humanrights. gov.au/sites/default/files/document/publication/ ahrc_immigration_detention_inspections_2019_.pdf>. Australian Human Rights Commission, Inspections of Australia’s immigration detention facilities 2019 Report (December 2020), 139 <https://humanrights. gov.au/sites/default/files/document/publication/ ahrc_immigration_detention_inspections_2019_.pdf>. Australian Human Rights Commission, Inspections of Australia’s immigration detention facilities 2019 Report (December 2020), 140 <https://humanrights. gov.au/sites/default/files/document/publication/ ahrc_immigration_detention_inspections_2019_.pdf>. Australian Human Rights Commission, Use of Force in Immigration Detention (2019), 246 <https:// humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/document/ publication/2019_aushrc_130.pdf>; see also Australian Human Rights Commission, The Australian Federal Police’s review on its use of spit hoods (17 February 2023) <https://humanrights.gov.au/ sites/default/files/afp_spit_hood_internal_review_ submission_17_february_2023_0.pdf>; Australian Human Rights Commission, Current issues in prison management, Submission to United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture (16 November 2023) <https:// humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/16.11.23._ submission_to_the_united_nations_special_ rapporteur_on_torture_002_0.pdf>. 98 Statutes Amendment (Spit Hood Prohibition) Act 2021 (SA) ); Detention Legislation Amendment (Prohibition on Spit Hoods) Bill 2024 (NSW). 99 Australian Federal Police, Media Statement (14 April 2023) <https://www.afp.gov.au/news-centre/mediarelease/media-statement-0>. 100 United Nations General Assembly, Interim report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Alice Jill Edwards, II. Global trade in equipment that can inflict torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment: a call for international regulation (A/78/324) (24 August 2023) [45] <https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/ GEN/N23/249/47/PDF/N2324947.pdf?OpenElement>. 101 United Nations General Assembly, Interim report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Alice Jill Edwards, Annex 1 (A/78/324) (24 August 2023) [7] <https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/ documents/issues/torture/sr/annex-i-documentaugust-2023-ae-18-09-23.pdf>. 102 United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Experts of the Committee against Torture Commend Australia’s Comprehensive Responses and Statistical Data, Raise Questions on High Imprisonment Rates and Immigration Detention Policies (16 November 2022) <https://www.ohchr.org/ en/news/2022/11/experts-committee-against-torturecommend-australias-comprehensive-responsesand>. 103 United Nations Committee Against Torture, Concluding observations on the sixth periodic report of Australia (CAT/C/AUS/CO/6) (5 December 2022) [14] <https://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/ FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhs oQ6oVJgGLf6YX4ROs1VbzEru4wycL%2FqQoIrzLep%2 BJZyT2kIvroOhuMbJG1ioCx4Z3eXyrZ%2FkEdUDMwgH AnBoh0v9T4FjuSgv4v9weZd7XDc>. 104 Parliament of Australia, Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs Supplementary Estimates February 2023, SE23-543 – Immigration Detention – Use of Spit Hood Restraint (31 March 2023) <https://www.aph.gov.au/api/qon/downloada ttachment?attachmentId=74196be5-0f1e-41af-92197fd16626df73>.