the pace of change in our technologically advanced and rapidly evolving world. Children's academic achievements and outcomes in later life depend on their ability to read well. One of the most critical aspects in deciding whether children develop strong literacy abilities that are the cornerstone of all later learning is whether they learn to read in a language that they use and understand, whether it is a spoken or sign language. If kids cannot grasp the language their teacher uses in class, even the bestdesigned reading courses will not help them learn to read. Predictably, poor learning outcomes in the early Grades lead to grade repetition and high dropout rates when students do not have the option of learning to read in a language they comprehend. 4.2 Importance of using language of the learners According to research, mother tongue education is essential for inclusivity and highquality learning. It also enhances learning outcomes, academic achievement and eliminates knowledge gaps and quickens learning and comprehension, especially at foundational stages. Most importantly, mother tongue-based multilingual education gives all students the ability to participate fully in society. It promotes respect and understanding amongst people and aids in the preservation of the rich cultural and historical legacy of our languages. Children are placed in a new physical environment when they begin school. The teacher is a stranger, most of the other students in the class are strangers, and the classroom is new. The issue can become more problematic when, in addition to these factors, there is a sudden change in the language of engagement. This results in a teacher-centred approach and fosters passiveness and silence in classrooms when students begin school in a language that is still new to them. In consequence, this limits young learners' potential and freedom of expression. It saps the motivation of young brains to learn, stifles their originality, and taints the learning process, all of which is certain to have a detrimental impact on learning. It can hinder a child's overall development. However, by speaking in their native tongues, educators can bridge the gap between the knowledge students gain in the classroom and the life experiences they bring from home. Learners are more likely to participate in the learning process when instruction is in their native tongue. All educationalists advocate the interactive learner-centric method, which flourishes in a setting where students are sufficiently fluent in the language of teaching. It enables students to generate and enthusiastically express new knowledge while asking and answering questions. It boosts students' self-esteem and supports the affirmation of their cultural identities. This, in turn, has a favourable effect on how students perceive the value of education in their life. 4.3 Provisions under NEP 2020 Some of the key provisions of NEP 2020 to make languages of instruction more accessible for every learner include: • Wherever possible, the medium of instruction until at least Grade 5, but preferably till Grade 8 and beyond, will be the home language/mother tongue/local language/ regional language. Journal of the National Human Rights Commission, Vol. 22, 2023 53