Standar Norma dan Pengaturan Nomor 8 tentang Hak Memperoleh Keadilan Daftar Isi KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................................ iv I. PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................................................. 1 A. Latar Belakang ................................................................................................................ 1 B. Kedudukan Komnas HAM ............................................................................................... 3 C. Maksud dan Tujuan ......................................................................................................... 4 II. KERANGKA SUMBER HUKUM ..................................................................................... 5 A. Persamaan di Depan Hukum .......................................................................................... 5 B. Peradilan yang Adil, Kompeten, Mandiri, dan Tidak Memihak....................................... 7 C. Praduga Tidak Bersalah (Presumption of Innocence).................................................... 7 D. Hak Setiap Orang yang Diduga Melakukan Pelanggaran Hukum Pidana ..................... 8 E. Kelompok Khusus ........................................................................................................... 9 F. Pengujian oleh Pengadilan yang Lebih Tinggi ............................................................. 12 G. Pemulihan atas Pelanggaran Hak Memperoleh Keadilan ............................................ 12 H. Ne Bis in Idem ............................................................................................................... 13 I. III. Asas Non-retroaktif ........................................................................................................ 13 TINJAUAN UMUM ......................................................................................................... 14 A. Ruang Lingkup .............................................................................................................. 14 B. Prinsip-Prinsip ............................................................................................................... 18 C. Mekanisme .................................................................................................................... 23 IV. KELOMPOK KHUSUS .................................................................................................. 32 V. KEWAJIBAN NEGARA ................................................................................................. 46 VI. TANGGUNG JAWAB AKTOR NON-NEGARA ............................................................ 52 A. Korporasi ....................................................................................................................... 53 B. Organisasi Masyarakat Sipil.......................................................................................... 55 C. Organisasi Internasional ............................................................................................... 55 D. Masyarakat .................................................................................................................... 55 E. Advokat .......................................................................................................................... 56 F. Paralegal........................................................................................................................ 56 G. Jurnalis .......................................................................................................................... 57 H. Notaris ........................................................................................................................... 57 VII. PEMBATASAN YANG DIPERKENANKAN ................................................................. 57 v