66 Maranga Mai! it. During another hui, the document was shredded in front of officials. East Coast leaders presented a gift of blankets to officials symbolising the inequity of colonial-settler land dealings. Tame Iti found the moral high ground atop a ladder in Ōpōtiki speaking down to officials. He also opened a Tūhoe Embassy outside Ruātoki and issued trespass and eviction notices to those living on lands confiscated from the Mataatua tribes and warned that ‘Trespassers would be eaten’. At Ōwae marae in Waitara, three hundred mainly young protesters sat motionless wrapped in grey blankets in silent disapproval echoing the dignified display of their ancestors when Parihaka was sacked in 1881. Wira Gardiner who led consultations on behalf of the Crown later lamented his role promoting a package to Māori he agreed was unfair (Walker, 2004, pp. 303-304). Individual and collective acts of indignation and dissent rippled across the country. The statue of former premier John Ballance was decapitated in Whanganui, Mike Smith chain-sawed the lone pine on One Tree Hill, Benjamin Nathan hammered the America’s Cup, and a Colin McCahon painting was removed from the Lake Waikaremoana Visitor Centre. Central to this resistance were a series of land occupations at Whanganui’s Pākaitore or Moutoa Gardens (twice), led by Ken Mair (Te Ahi Kaa protest group), Niko Tangaroa and Tariana Tūria. Land occupations included Takahue school in Northland (leading to its destruction by fire) and others in New Plymouth, Whakarewarewa, Huntly, Waikato University, Kaikohe, Helensville, Ōtorohanga, Pātea and Tāmaki Girls College in Auckland. The Pākaitore occupation lasted 79 days. In an act of overt racism, a judge imprisoned Ken Mair, for praying in Court (Gifford, 1995, 1996). Despite universal rejection from Māori, the government formalised the Fiscal Envelope in a new Office of Treaty Settlements (OTS). Officially abandoned in 1996, in practice, the Envelope remained the guideline against which all settlements were measured, at least until the Central North Island Forestry Settlement in 2008. In addition to inadequate compensation, a main weakness in the Envelope was how index values allotted to settlements were manipulated to reduce compensation. Landcorp New Zealand held lands, reserved for settlement, in land banks which were indexed to early 1990s Treaty settlement land values. When the value of land parcels began exceeding indexes during the late 1990s property boom, Land Corp began selling them. This led to the 2007 Whenuakite (Coromandel) and Rangiputa (Muriwhenua) land occupations, which coincided with complaints to the Waitangi Tribunal about OTS methods. The settling of land claims in Auckland and Te Arawa left some hapū groups out of the process, so that OTS could meet Crown deadlines. The policy was revised in 2007. In the north, Ngāti Kahu led several campaigns protesting the small percentage value of settlements compared to losses. In 2009, protest leaders, Wikitana and John Junior Popata accosted Prime Minister John Key at Te Tī marae on these issue (Sunday Star Times, 18 March 2007; Northern Advocate, 22 March 2007; Waitangi Tribunal, 2007). Gendered protest (1998 to 2000) White supremacist racism has different gender dynamics. As Aotearoa entered the new millennium, protests for Treaty justice evolved to include equal rights under Article Three of the Treaty, the doctrine of cultural equality and principles embedded within international human rights instruments. In 1998, Titewhai Harawira objected to Opposition Leader Minister Helen Clark speaking during a pōwhiri at Te Tī marae. Ms Harawira argued that if Māori women could not speak from the paepae, then Ms Clark should not do so either. Ms Clark’s view was that Prime Minister Jenny Shipley had spoken on the marae. Māori responded that this was after and not during the pōwhiri. Labour and National reactions were in marked contrast. The Crown returned official ceremonies to Waitangi in 1999 and Ms Harawira and Prime Minister Shipley walked arm-in-arm onto Te Tī marae. Later that year, Ms Clark regained the treasury benches but refused to return to Waitangi in 2000 shifting official observances back to Wellington for the next two years. Cultural rights (2002) Two occupations in 2002 made stands on cultural rights. In 2002, northern Māori objected to a proposal to build a new prison at Ngāwhā Springs in Northland after the Crown had prevailed upon the Northland