HUMAN RIGHTS MODULE FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL of social and cultural benefit to the child and take appropriate measures to protect the child from materials that could harm him/her. Article 18 Parents have the primary responsibility for the upbringing and development of the child and it is the duty of governments to support and assist parents in the process of upbringing the child. Article 19 Governments shall protect the child from all forms of abuse by the parent(s) or any other person who has the care of the child and create appropriate social programmes for prevention of abuse and treatment of the victim. Article 20 Governments shall provide special protection to a child deprived of his or her family and also ensure alternative care for such a child such as foster placement or placement in suitable institutions. Article 21 Governments that recognise or permit child adoption shall ensure that the best interests of the child shall be the paramount consideration and they shall ensure it is authorised only by authorities that are competent and capable of providing protection to the child. Article 22 Special protection must be afforded to a child who is seeking refugee status or who is considered a refugee. It is the duty of the government to cooperate with competent organisations to protect such a child. Article 23 A disabled child has the right to care, education and special training to enable him or her to enjoy a full and decent life, ensure his or her dignity and promote self-reliance and the fullest possible social integration. Article 24 Every child has the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health and it is the duty of governments to provide the best treatment system. Article 25 A child who has been placed by the competent authorities for the purpose of care, protection or treatment has the right to periodic review of the treatment relevant to his or her placement. Article 26 Every child has the right to benefit from social security including social insurance. Article 27 Every child has the right to a standard of living adequate for the child’s physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social development. 144