studies and stakeholder consultations. It is recognised that the limited evidence
provided by these case studies does not represent the experience of all communities
subjected to eviction and resettlement. Although the fact-finding approach cannot
replace a comprehensive statistical review of compliance during the eviction and
resettlement process, the individual experiences of these communities are important
from the perspective of human rights. The focus of human rights on individuals as
right-holders demands that their individual experiences are recognised and
represented. Essentially, where these stories offer strong evidence of government
non-compliance with established standards, even where in the minority, they should of
themselves trigger reform in government policies and practices.
Housing in the Philippines is a notably divisive issue and first-hand information in the
context of human rights violations can often be influenced by the experiences of those
interviewed, which can make the evidence less reliable. During the course of factfinding, significant difficulties also arose in balancing the evidence provided by
communities against that provided by government stakeholders. Community, civil
society and government representatives were eager to volunteer information they had
heard from other sources or pass judgement on other stakeholders for various reasons.
In the consideration of evidence provided by all stakeholders, the review prioritised
first-hand information. While evidence considered was generally confined to that
which was first-hand and relevant, the opinions of stakeholders were sought in relation
to the deficiencies of the legal and policy framework and potential reform measures to
improve housing service delivery and the enforcement of human rights standards.
These opinions and perspectives have been incorporated into the analysis of the
review, where relevant.
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