REPORT ON INVESTIGATED KILLINGS IN RELATION TO THE ANTI-ILLEGAL DRUG CAMPAIGN 5. That the PNP regularly provide the CHR a copy of the reports in the above-mentioned investigations 6. That the PNP strengthen the implementation of the laws and policies, in holding police officers accountable for any irregularities. In line with this, the PNP should review its internal investigation processes to guarantee accountability for transgressions of existing laws and standard operating protocols on arrest and the use of force. Superior officials, in the exercise of their command responsibility, should automatically review the anti-drug operations that necessitated the use of force or firearms.101 A full and detailed report of the incident should be provided.102 Pursuant to Executive Order No. 226, s. 1995, which institutionalized the doctrine of “command responsibility” in all government offices, superior officials at the PNP should be held responsible for the actions of their subordinates if the former knew or should have known of abuses but failed to take concrete action.103 If warranted, PNP should immediately initiate administrative, civil, or criminal proceedings against erring police officers. 7. To further highlight the accountability of the members of the PNP, it is urged that police officers, regardless of their ranks, be subjected to continuous training on human rights. These trainings should include lectures on the following: i. The Revised Philippine National Police Operational Procedures (Revised PNP-POP Manual) with emphasis on the instances where necessary and reasonable force may be used against an offender, sufficient provocation of victims in view of nanlaban cases, use of force continuum and/or principle of proportionality on the use of force purposely to contain or stop the unlawful aggression of the offender, and observance of proper protocol during police operations; ii. International Human Rights Standards for Law Enforcement;104 iii. United Nations Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials;105 iv. Other international and national instruments as enumerated in PNP Police Handbook PNPHRAI-PS-4-14; v. PNP Guidebook on Human Rights-Based Policing; and, vi. Latest Forensic Science Training 8. That the PNP promptly implement and strictly comply with the Revised PNP-POP Manual, particularly the following rules: that all PNP Personnel shall respect and uphold the human rights and dignity of all persons at all times; observance of the principle of proportionality on the use of force to contain or stop the unlawful aggression of the offender, pursuant to the express prohibition on the use of excessive force; compliance with the elements of the Justifying circumstances of selfdefense, defense of relative, defense of stranger; and observance of the provisions on the use of Body Worn Cameras (BWCs) and/or Alternative Recording Devices (ARDs) during the conduct of searches and arrest, incorporating the Supreme Court Rules; and to ensure that non-compliance is immediately disciplined in accordance with relevant laws, rules and regulations. 101 UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Centre for Human Rights, International Human Rights Standards for Law Enforcement available at https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Publications/training5Add1en.pdf (last accessed on 10 April 2022). 102 Ibid. 103 Ibid. 104 Ibid. 105 https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/ProfessionalInterest/codeofconduct.pdf (last accessed on 10 April 2022) 39