Executive Summary In 2023, there are significant developments in Thailand’s human rights situation with regard to laws, policies, and measures undertaken by concerned agencies. However, there are still limitations and challenges which are summarized in four sections as follows: Executive Summary 1 Human Rights Situation Relating to Civil and Political Rights 1.1 Key Developments of State Actions Overall, the government has demonstrated commitment with some key achievements in 2023, such as: The law on regulatory offence has been put into effect, resulting in the abolition of imprisonment or detention in lieu of fine. It has revoked the recording of criminal offences which would help reduce social inequality, especially for the poor. The number of people receiving financial assistance according to the Damages for the Injured Persons and Compensation and the Expenses for the Accused in Criminal Cases Act B.E. 2544 (2001) and Justice Fund Act B.E. 2558 (2015) has increased. 14 The law on the prevention and suppression of torture and enforced disappearance has come into force, guaranteeing that no one will be subject to torture and enforced disappearance. There is an effort to bring to justice the persons who commit the crime of torture and enforced disappearance, including those committing a crime against human rights defenders. 1.2 Challenges and Obstacles There is delay in criminal proceedings. Despite the time limit set by the Police for inquiry officers to conclude a case, the NHRCT continues to receive complaints on such delay. Thailand has not yet ratified the CPED and the Optional Protocol to the CAT (OPCAT) which would upgrade the protection and prevention of torture on a par with the international standards. There are no guidelines for using medical opinions to consider torture cases. There continue to be complaints of torture and cruel treatment. In addition, there are no clear guidelines or measures for remedy, and there is no progress made in tracking enforced disappearance cases. Human rights defenders continue to face intimidation and strategic lawsuits against public participation (SLAPP). Government officials do not understand