and application of international humanitarian law, and to develop strategies and plans related to it in the Kingdom. NIHR is a member of this committee. Concluding recommendations 1. Make the necessary legislative amendments to the provisions of Decree-Law No. (5) of 1987 regarding the reserve force, to include in it explicitly a provision that determines the legal age for its members, whether recruited or volunteered, in line with the relevant provisions of the (OPAC). 2. Make the necessary legislative amendments to the provisions of Law No. (44) of 2018 regarding international crimes, by reviewing the reasons for permissibility mentioned in Article (11) of the law to ensure that higher orders are not invoked under any circumstances or conditions. The ends that are intended to be available in the causes of permissibility, although they are based on respecting military orders, they must not be a reason for violating the rights and best interests of the child. 3. Call for the issuance of unified legal legislation that regulates the circumstances of the states of national safety and martial law separately, takes into account that it is in line with international human rights standards, especially with regard to an absolute prohibition of child recruitment in line with what was decided by the provisions of the OPAC. 4. The importance of conducting a comprehensive review of the provisions of Law No. (1) of 2008 regarding Combating Trafficking in Persons, taking into account the observations that the NIHR referred to the government, to ensure its comprehensiveness and consistency with relevant international and regional instruments, starting from the stage of prevention to treatment, up to the imposition of punishment on the perpetrators. 5. The NIHR stress the importance of increasing cooperation between it and the security and military colleges and training institutes, such as the Isa Royal Military College and the Royal Police Academy, for the purpose of moving forward in promoting the human rights culture among the employees of these security and military agencies. 6. Calling for the participation of CSIs working in the field of human rights, and child rights in particular, to be more effective in preparing future national reports, through that the competent authority in the report manages national consultations with all relevant partners and stakeholders. 7