Empowering National Human Rights Institutions to Advance Rights-Based Climate Action 47 NHRIs identified financial, human resources, access to data as the primary resource limitations they face in effectively engaging in CCMA initiatives. In addition, technical resources such as monitoring and reporting tools and technologies are also identified as significant limitations. NHRIs also identified that they do not have access to specialised training or capacity-building opportunities related to CCMA. With regard to specific capacity and resource gaps which limit their engagement with CCMA related monitoring and advocacy, finance and trained human resources and lack of expertise are identified as the most pressing challenges. Logistical challenges as well as lack of specialised monitoring tools and methodologies are also identified by some NHRIs. Based on these challenges, NHRIs generally identified the urgent need to create opportunities for staff training in the area through international expertise, development of monitoring manuals and guidelines specific to CCMA initiatives and engagements, financial and technical support, and sharing of best practices from other NHRIs. At the individual NHRI level, NHRC Bangladesh acknowledged limited staff capacity, with only five staff members specifically skilled in climate-related issues. Their participation in various forums, including the GANHRI Climate Caucus, illustrates their commitment to learning and engagement. However, they express a need for additional support in skill development and wish to send staff members to COP meetings to enhance their understanding of international negotiations. This capacity-building initiative is crucial for the NHRC to address climate change effectively, and they are seeking sponsorship opportunities to facilitate this effort. NHRC India faces a different set of challenges despite having adequate financial resources. The primary gap lies in the absence of training for staff on climate change mitigation techniques. There is a notable lack of personnel with environmental expertise, highlighting the need for incorporating climate knowledge into staff development. Recognising the severe impacts of climate change in vulnerable regions, NHRC India underscores the importance of strengthening human rights engagement in these contexts, advocating for training programmes that link climate change and human rights. In the Maldives, HRCM confronts significant capacity gaps, particularly in knowledge and training related to climate change and environmental rights. Staff members feel underprepared to address these intersections, calling for formal training and increased funding from international partners. They stress the importance of building connections with CSOs to facilitate effective monitoring and advocacy in this area. HRCM emphasised that integrating climate change considerations into existing human rights practices is feasible, but this requires additional resources and support to achieve meaningful outcomes.