Needs Assessment and Gap Analysis of the National Human Rights Institutions in South Asia 44 NHRIs’ bridging role to support the exchange of information between policymakers, civil society, and stakeholders, particularly those most affected by climate change, is identified as very effective by one NHRI (India), while another three NHRIs (Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan) indicated that the role is effectively carried out (Figure 21). In terms of the extent of NHRI engaged in national, regional, and international processes to promote human rights-based action on climate change, including through NDCs under the Paris Agreement, only one NHRI (India) indicated that they actively engage in this regard, while 50% indicated that they minimally engage with national, regional and international stakeholders (Figure 22). Extent of collaboration with other NHRIs in the region and through GANHRI / APF on climate change issues Level of engagement with the UN system, particularly with OHCHR, UNDP, and UNEP, in advancing human rights within climate change initiatives Figure 23. Extent of collaboration with NHRIs in the region and UN system In the area of the extent of the NHRI collaboration with other NHRIs in the region, two NHRIs indicated they are actively engaged, while another two engage occasionally. As for the engagement with the UN system in advancing human rights within the climate change initiatives, two NHRIs are highly engaged while another three are moderately engaged (Figure 23). In terms of challenges in coordination and collaboration with multiple stakeholders, some NHRIs indicated their limited financial resources as the most significant barrier, while others identified issues in priorities, and the lack of effective communication channels, and limited technical challenges as the biggest obstacles. At the individual NHRI level, NHRC Bangladesh reports that the institution has actively established collaborations with organisations such as World Vision and Article 19, focusing on CCMA. They emphasise the rights of marginalised individuals displaced by climate change and advocate for their protection in urban settings, addressing discrimination and low wages. The NHRC’s participation in international forums, such as a recent GANHRI