From Four Nodes of History: The Human Rights Challenge in the Philippine Security Sector also have a common DNA relationship in their blood based on contemporary genetic studies, with only 3 percent having European DNA markers. Austronesians inhabited Southern Thailand, Singapore, east Sumatra, coastal Borneo, Brunei, coastal Sarawak and Sabah. They converted to Hindu Buddhism (during the Sri Vijaya and the Majapahit empires when Indians controlled world trade) and later, during the Golden Age of Islam (when Muslims dominated world trade because they controlled most international ports from North Africa to Malabar, India), converted to Islam. This was prior to the coming of Spanish conquistadores. Manila, parts of Central Luzon and Southern Tagalog were once governed by three trading kingdoms: the Kingdom of Tondo, the Sultanate of Maynila and the Sultanate of Namayan. These were former Hindu-Buddhist trade settlements that served as trading outposts with relatively small populations that eventually converted to Islam. A large part of the Visayas were also tributaries (e.g., the domain of Lapu-Lapu, a Muslim Datu of Tausug origin) undergoing the same transformation from their former Hindu-Buddhist origins (e.g., Mindoro). 14 But the heart of Moroland was the Mindanao Islands that included Palawan and the Sulu archipelago. The web that connected all of these Moro lands was thalassocracy, a society based on seafaring activities, primarily sea trade, which had been established by the earlier Hindu civilization in the whole region. 4. What is the “Stockholm syndrome” and “capture bonding”? How does this relate to the history of the Christian and Moro Filipinos? According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Stockholm syndrome is a psychological phenomenon in which hostages express empathy and positive feelings towards their captors, to the point of defending them.2 Evolutionary psychologists believe that the Stockholm syndrome is an expression of the phenomenon of captive bonding, a psychological survival trait developed by humans in its evolution in the face of war. Such phenomenon has also been demonstrated in the domestication of animals, such as dogs. When Spanish conquistadores enslaved the greater part of Luzon and the Visayas, the populace underwent captive bonding and began to identify with their Spanish masters and