of Cassation, up to giving judgments; opening execution files, submitting applications, and making enquiries about their status; and paying due amounts, taking into account the provision of all judicial guarantees established by the law in this regard. 4. The Ministry confirmed that the list of its electronic services took into account all the inherent principles of fair trial, the most important of which are the principle of publicity, the adversarial principle (confrontation between litigants), and the principle of equality of arms (procedural equality) between litigants. This is being done by providing the opportunity for each party and its representative to attend court sessions, in face-toface confrontation with the other party, after being electronically notified of such via text messages and e-mail according to the rules in this respect. 5. The electronic services also allow submitting requests and related documents, which are sent to the opponent to view electronically, and then respond to within the prescribed dates. These services are characterized by being available to everyone without exception, and that all parties to the case stand on an equal footing in confronting each other, without anyone having an advantage over the other. In addition, these services enable the parties to a lawsuit to initiate judicial procedures electronically twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, starting from filing the case and ending with the implementation of its judgment. The Ministry reported that the number of electronic judicial transactions completed in the year 2020 is (1,861,102) transactions. 6. As for the electronic means used in criminal proceedings, the Ministry made sure to observe all the guarantees of fair trial for the accused, by preserving the presumption of innocence, which is binding throughout the litigation procedures. The defendant is treated in accordance with this principle even after being informed of the accusation made against him/her, while allowed access to a lawyer. The latter can remotely participate in criminal trials via ethereal transmission means (visual communication) and submit a defense brief, so that the competent court can expeditiously decide on the case. 7. The ethereal transmission (visual communication) also ensured the right of the accused to defend himself / herself, examine witnesses, and hear their statements electronically in the presence of the accused and his lawyer, if any. Regarding the detained indictees, the Ministry has taken measures to ensure their safety in light of the Covid-19 pandemic by dedicating special places with ethereal transmission in the same places of their detention. One of the specialized members of the Public Prosecution Ninth Annual Report of the NIHR 71