Executive Summary of Rafah Crossing, and the restrictions on the right to movement and travel. The number of violations committed against the human rights defenders and activists increased remarkably and they were exposed to different forms of harassments; such as denial of the right to peaceful assembly, and exposure to threats and assault through beating and kidnapping by anonymous persons, and exposure to summoning and detention by the different security agencies. Some of them were brought to the judiciary under the Decree-Law No. 16 of 2017 concerning the cybercrimes as some of them were banned from their rights-based activities in the field and materials and documents were seized from them on the course of their pursuit to document and monitor the violations of human rights in the field. In 2017, the attacks against defenders and activities increased dramatically and they were denied the right to express their position, the right to peaceful assembly as well as the right to participate in the political life and social momentum. Many of them were arrested and indicted on the grounds of voicing their positions and opinions via the social media platform Facebook, or on account of misuse of technology, under the amendment made by the Change and Reform Bloc in the Legislative Council in Gaza to the Penal Code No. 74 of 1936 in force in Gaza. ICHR found out that the official agencies have not set any policies or adopted any new measures or procedures to protect the defenders of human rights. ICHR addressed the competent departments in the MOI and the different security agencies in the West Bank and Gaza Strip to access official data on the number and nature of the administrative accountability procedures adopted against the personnel who were proven to commit violations against the defenders of human rights, however, the replies received were stereotypical. In line with its vision to protect the defenders of human rights, ICHR recommends that the Public Prosecution should conduct the necessary investigation of the cases where the defenders of human rights were exposed to assault by the security agencies or by anonymous persons, and prosecute the offenders. It also recommends the MOI to investigate the complaints filed about the assault and detention of defenders of human rights and stop the intervention of the security agencies, stop dispersing The Independent Commission for Human Rights (ICHR) 33