Executive Summary The assessment report on Thailand’s human rights situation in 2021 is prepared according to the duties and powers of the National Human Rights Commission of Thailand (NHRCT). The presentation of human rights situation in the report is divided into four parts. 1 Assessment of Human Rights Situation in Specific Circumstances คณะกรรมการสิิทธิิมนุุษยชนแห่่งชาติิ National Human Rights Commission of Thailand Human rights situation under the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: Following the severe spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2021, the government has attempted to protect people’s right to health through universal prevention and treatment services. However, some groups of people were missed out or faced obstacles in accessing the vaccine. The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have led to unemployment and lack of income. The remedies from the government might not be adequate and some groups of people did not have access to those measures. Furthermore, the pandemic has affected the right to education of children who are at risk of dropping out of school, especially poor and migrant children. 16 Exercise of the liberty of assembly: In 2021, peaceful means were generally used to present political demands and calls for the government to address and find solutions to economic, social, and environmental problems. Under the measures to control the spreading of COVID-19, the gatherings were adjusted to comply with such measures and took various forms, such as car mob and standing-in-distance activities. Nevertheless, there were some incidents where the assembly was not peaceful and without arms. Besides, some acts taken by the authorities in managing the crowd were inconsistent with the object and purpose of the Constitution and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). 2 Assessment of Human Rights Situation Relating to Civil and Political Rights Right relating to the administration of justice: Compared to 2020, relevant governmental agencies provided an increased funding in 2021 to help ensure people’s access to justice and facilitate temporary release through the Justice Fund and the Office of Financial Assistance for the Injured Person and the Accused in Criminal Cases. In addition, an amendment was made to the guideline of the Justice Fund to better assist the victims of human rights violations. However, there were several complaints made to the NHRCT about delays in prosecution procedures by the inquiry officers which affected prisoners’ rights. Human rights defenders, torture and enforced disappearance: The Prevention and Suppression of Torture and Enforced Disappearance Bill has passed the first reading of the House of Representatives. However, in 2021 there was a torture case by an officer of the special unit of Narcotics Suppression Police which had caused the suspect’s death. Moreover, there has not been progress on various cases of the missing political activists. Although the Criminal Procedure Code was amended in 2019 to protect human rights defenders, it has not yet been effectively applied. Situation in the southern border provinces: The statistical data of insurgency and injured people in the southern border provinces in 2021 have increased compared to the previous year. However, the number of deaths has slightly decreased. The government has made efforts