34. Observing and monitoring the proceedings of voting day followed, starting with the pre-voting
stage, voting stage itself, counting and announcing results stage, and finally the stage of receiving
and settling elections appeals. The report of the NIHR ends with a set of concluding observations
and recommendations, which aim at ensuring the full enjoyment of the right to stand for election
and to vote, and the free, impartial, and transparent conduct of the electoral process.
Section I
Observing the parliamentary and municipal elections prior to polling day
First: Calling for election and nomination stage
1. Paragraph (e) of Article No. (1) of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Bahrain stipulates that,
“Citizens, both men and women, are entitled to participate in public affairs and to exercise
political rights, including the right to vote and to stand for election, in accordance with this
Constitution and the terms and conditions laid down by law. No citizen shall be deprived of the
right to vote or to stand for election except in accordance with the law”. Paragraph (a) of Article
No. (42), thereof, stipulates that: “The King shall issue orders to hold elections for the House of
Representatives in accordance with the provisions of the law.”
2. Decree-Law No. (14) of 2002 on the Exercise of Political Rights, as amended, sets the provisions
governing this stage. Article (15) thereof stipulates that, “The date for the general elections of
the House of Representatives shall be determined by a Royal Order. The Order shall be issued
at least 45 days before the date specified for the elections. The date for run-off elections shall
be determined by a decision of the Minister of Justice, Islamic Affairs, and Endowments. The
decision shall be issued at least (30) days before the date specified for the re-run. The Order or
the Decision shall include the opening and closing dates for nomination.” Article (16) of the
same law stipulates that, “The Royal Order or the Ministerial Decision calling on voters to the
referendum or the elections shall be announced in the Official Gazette.”
3. Pursuant to the constitutional and legal procedures, Royal Order No. (36) of 2018 of His Majesty
the King of Bahrain concerning determining the date of elections and candidacy for membership
of the House of Representatives was issued. Article (1) thereof stipulates that, “Voters registered
in the voters’ lists, in implementation of the provisions of Law No. (14) of 2002 on of Political
Rights, are invited to attend the ballot and counting stations for the election of the members of
the House of Representatives on Saturday, 24/11/2018 from 8:00 am to 8:00 pm. Elections are held
at Bahraini embassies, consulates, and diplomatic missions abroad on Tuesday, 20/11/2018. In
cases where run-off is required, the re-election will take place on Tuesday, 27/11/2018.”
4. It is worth mentioning that the above-mentioned Royal Order was issued on 10 September 2018 and
published in the Official Gazette on 13 September 2018, pursuant to Article (16) of Decree-Law No.
(14) of 2002 on the Exercise of Political Rights, as amended.
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