improvement in managing occupational risks on Taiwanese fishing vessels. It found gaps in systematic research regarding occupational accidents and work-related risks despite the following publications: The Fisheries Statistics, released by the Fisheries Agency, the Maritime Accident Statistics for Taiwanese Fishing Vessels, published by the maritime authority, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA) Promotional Guidelines for Preventing Occupational Safety and Health Hazards in Fishing Operations, and OSHA's Major Occupational Hazard Cases. The report identified no specific guidelines for hazard and risk assessments on fishing vessels, and inadequate implementation of selfinspection checklists for safety and health on vessels. Additionally, vessel owners are not required to establish mechanisms to prevent occupational accidents, injuries, or illnesses. These shortcomings require urgent attention to bolster safety standards and reduce risks in the fishing industry. 55 (2) International standards The ILO’s 1998 Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work outlines five core standards: freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining, the elimination of forced labor, the abolition of child labor, the elimination of discrimination in employment, and ensuring a safe and healthy working environment. The fifth standard, related to workplace safety and health, was newly added in 2022 as a fundamental principle and right at work. It is no longer optional but a required standard for all workers across industries. This principle also serves as the foundation for other ILO conventions related to occupational safety and health. During an event organized by Stella Maris in Taichung in May 2024, Rossen Karavachev, the Fisheries Coordinator for the Maritime Division TTSB, “Major Marine Occurrence Investigation Report on the Kuo Tong No. 3,” pp. 7–8, May 22, 2024. 55 60