Pursuant to the provisions of 27, 92, 150 and 151 of the Constitution of Timor-Leste, the National Parliament enacts the following text that shall have the force of law: CHAPTER I: PRELIMINARY Part 1 Definitions of terms Article 1: Terms and expressions For the purposes of the present legislation, the following words and expressions shall have the following meaning unless the context otherwise requires: (a) “Class action” means an action whereby an individual lodges a complaint for the purpose of defending his or her own rights, collective interests, the Constitution, the law or public interests; (b) “Act” means an action, decision, proposal or recommendation made by the entities or agencies referred to in Articles 3.1 and 3.2. It does not include an act done in the discharge of a judicial or legislative function as specified in Article 4; (c) “Good governance” means the transparent exercise of government powers for the establishment of a fair, efficient and responsible public administration, with respect for the principles of legality and of a democratic State based on the rule-of-law; (d) “Conciliation” means a process whereby the parties to a dispute, with the assistance of a neutral third person called a ‘conciliator’, identify the issues in dispute, develop options, consider alternatives and endeavour to reach an agreement. The conciliator has an advisory role, giving expert advice on the determination of the issue in dispute and the likely settlement terms and actively encouraging the participants to reach an agreement; (e) “Collusion” means a secret agreement or cooperation, wilful and conscious, made for an illegal purpose; (f) “Corruption” refers to the act of offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting anything of value with the aim of deviating the legal procedures of a public service meanwhile influencing the action of a public official for satisfaction of one’s private interests, including those of friends and family members; corruption presents itself in different forms such as bribery, conspiracy, nepotism, extortion, embezzlement, fraud and favouritism; (g) “Fundamental human rights and freedoms” means the rights, freedoms and guarantees referred to in Part II of the Constitution of Timor-Leste and the rights embodied in the United Nations instruments on Human Rights, all interpreted in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; (h) “Maladministration” means acts and omissions outside the powers conferred, made on the basis of irrelevant considerations, mistake of facts and law or lack of due process, and which disrupt or undermine the effective and proper functioning of the public administration; 2