Körero Whakamauähara : Hate Speech In his 2018 report to the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Council, Special Rapporteur David Kaye addressed this challenge by proposing a human rightscentred framework for the moderation of online content.50 This included a recommendation that States introduce “smart” regulation that meets international human rights standards concerning the right to freedom of expression while focusing on transparency and remediation by companies providing online platforms.51 He also recommended that:52 Following the events of March 15 this year, the Prime Minister has initiated the “Christchurch Call”. This is an action plan that commits participating international Heads of State, Governments and leaders from the tech sector to eliminate terrorist and extremist content online. The Christchurch Call covers a range of measures including the development of tools to prevent the upload of terrorist and violent extremist content, increased transparency around the removal and detection of content and reviewing the algorithms used to detect problematic material.53 companies should recognize that the authoritative global standard for ensuring freedom of expression on their platforms is human rights law, not the varying laws of States or their own private interests, and they should re-evaluate their content standards accordingly. 50 51 52 53 Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, UN Doc A/HRC/38/35, (6 April 2018) at [2]. Ibid., at [66]. ibid, para 70 Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, “Christchurch Call to Eliminate Terrorist & Violent Extremist Content Online”, <https://www.christchurchcall.com/>. 11