Ⅵ. Conclusion and the Way Forward for Combating Trafficking in human beings especially women The root causes of trafficking, such as demand for cheap labour, sex tourism, wide spread poverty, gender discrimination, conflicts, corruption and restrictive immigration policies of favored countries for migrants are insufficiently tackled and must therefore be dealt with as a matter of priority to effectively combat trafficking especially of migrant women. Trafficking in person results in cumulative breaches of human rights and this need to be recognized in any intervention effort. The office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) at the United Nations in 2002 developed the principles and guidelines in order to provide practical, rights‐based policy guidance on the prevention of trafficking and the protection of victims of trafficking. Guideline 1 on the promotion and protection of human rights states that: Violations of human rights are both a cause and a consequence of trafficking in persons. Accordingly, it is essential to place the protection of all human rights at the centre of any measures taken to prevent and end trafficking. Anti‐trafficking measures should not adversely affect the human rights and dignity of persons and, in particular, the rights of those who have been trafficked, migrants, internally displaced persons, refugees and asylum-seekers. As far as the mandate of the Special Rapporteur is concerned, the real challenge is not just in adopting strategies that will effectively catch the perpetrators and punish them. Rather, it is preferable to put in place strategies that will focus equally on the victim by recognizing and redressing the violations suffered, empowering the victim to speak out without being doubly victimized/jeopardized or stigmatized while also targeting root causes of human trafficking. The strategies must be people centred bearing in mind that human trafficking is about people whose basic right to live free particularly from fear and want is under constant threat. We must recognize the dignity of the victims and their right to survival and development. Thus, restorative justice is central to combating human trafficking. While addressing root causes, innovative approaches need to be sought in tackling the complex problem of human trafficking. The Special Rapporteur believes that international, regional and national strategies for combating trafficking rest on the following 5 P’s; 3 R’s and 3 C’s. (a) 5 Ps: Protection, Prosecution, Punishment, Prevention, Promoting international cooperation and partnership including public and private partnership; The Status of Human Trafficking of Migrant Women Around the World and the Role of the International Community ❙ 17