ADOPTION LAWS: CHALLENGES CONCERNING PROCEDURE FROM HUMAN RIGHTS PERSPECTIVE mentioned, on account of statistics provided by agencies engaged in adoptions that the usual practice among Indian parents is not to opt for stranger child and their preference is always a boy, therefore, leaving behind a majority of abandoned, destitute or orphan girls and handicapped children with bleak chances of finding prospective adoptive parents within the country. There comes in picture nasty and malicious organisations or individuals committing the act of child trafficking in the guise of providing child in adoption to foreigners without even considering emotional and psychological needs of child that get affected in phase of assimilation in new culture and foreign land.28 The Hon’ble Bench also laid down the genesis of CARA, i.e., Central Adoption Resource Agency. The Central Government was directed to establish it along with regional branches to regulate inter-country adoptions and to act as a nodal agency with all information concerning children, who are available for inter-country adoption, to cross-check every application sent by the social or child welfare agency in the foreign country for adoption of an Indian child and then to forward them to one or the other of the recognised social or child welfare agencies in the country.29 It led to the formulation of normative safeguards and procedures for inter-country adoptions in India. The Hague Convention of 29 May 1993 on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Inter-country Adoption (Hague Adoption Convention) protects children and their families against the risks of illegal, irregular, premature or ill-prepared adoptions abroad. This Convention, which operates through a system of national Central Authorities, reinforces the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (Art. 21) and seeks to ensure that inter-country adoptions are made in the best interests of the child and with respect for his or her Fundamental Rights. It also seeks to prevent the abduction, the sale of, or traffic in children. India became signatory to this convention in the year 2003. The conclusions and recommendations of the Hague Convention are promoting the private and independent adoptions, inter-country adoptions shall take place between the competent authorities, and prospective, eligibility and suitability of adoptive parents.30 28 29 30 Id. Para 14 supra note 26 Central Adoption Resource Authority Report: Bench Book for Adoption (2017). 79