THE IMBROGLIO OF LEGAL CAPACITY IN INDIAN DISABILITY LAW
and 14 speak at cross-purposes. Whilst Section 13 has been drafted in accord with the CRPD
mandate; Section 14 seems to be doing the exact reverse.
The confusion or ambivalence present in the statutory provisions again emerges in the Rules
formulated by different state governments to implement this part of the Act. With some
variations, the Rules of all states follow a common template. An application for limited
guardianship can be filed by a parent, relative or an organisation registered under the Act.
Assam and Tamil Nadu also allow for a person with disability to file the application. There
is some variation in the authority to whom the application can be made. Whilst some states
have conferred the power on a judicial body like the District Court, others have conferred the
authority on executive agencies like the District Collector in Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh
or the Local Level Committee as in Chhattisgarh. In most places, the deciding authority is
expected to decide on the matter in one month — Telangana has specified two months and
Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan have extended the time limit to three months. Parents, spouse,
siblings, other relatives, a registered organisation or a prominent person in the locality have
been specified as the category of persons, who can be appointed as limited guardians. Nearly
all the rules require the guardian to consult with the person with disability and act jointly and
in mutual understanding. The guardians are also to act in the best interest of the person with
disability. The question of will and preference, which has been accorded such importance
by the CRPD Treaty Body, is largely noticeable by its absence. Only the state of Tamil Nadu
requires the District Collector to enquire from persons with disabilities whether they need
a limited guardian; and Assam has an elaborate assessment system; otherwise, in all other
states, the matter has been left to the sole judgement of the adjudicating authority.
Tamil Nadu, Telangana and Meghalaya have some system of oversight and procedure for
removal of the limited guardian. In most other states, the appointment of a guardian has been
further simplified. The Mental Health Act of 1987, even the Indian Lunacy Act of 1912 saw the
appointment of a guardian as a deprivation imposed on the person with disability, which
could not be undertaken without following the demands of fair procedure. The RPDA 2016
has made the appointment of a limited guardian like a benefit being provided to the person
with disability. Consequently, the procedure of appointment has been largely simplified,
with many State Rules not even designating an authority to whom the person with disability
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