reemployed or end up in low-paying non-regular jobs. Moreover, the balance of work and family is particularly difficult, largely due to the lack of decent State-run or other public day care facilities and the low use of paternity leaves, and the conditions surrounding younger people’s employment continue to be deteriorated, which are the most likely reasons why younger people delay their marriage and childbirth as far as possible or even give up starting a family.７ 12. The Government, in accordance with the Act On Low Fertility and Population Aging which was legislated in 2004, sets up the Basic Plan on Low Fertility and Population Aging every five years, and the 3rd Plan (2016-2020) is currently in progress. Although the ongoing Plan has introduced a more positive vision of ‘Active Ageing’ beyond the previous one of ‘preparation’ for an aging society, it is still focused on the issue of the reduction in economically active population which resulted from the link between population aging and low fertility; and is not sufficient in addressing human rights of individual older persons８. 13. Recommendation: In order to tackle low fertility, adopt a comprehensive approach taking social and structural shortcomings into accounts together, which may include securing decent jobs for younger people, resolving their housing problems, helping women recover from career breaks and expanding alternative childcare facilities such as state-run or other public day-care centres. 14. Recommendation: Full realization of human rights and improvement of quality of life for older people can be secured not by economic perspectives but by rights-based approaches. As the poverty and suicide among older people are particularly problematic, the Government needs to take more active responses. Women, children and persons with disabilities 15. Women’s under-representation in the labour market is a serious problem indeed９, but what is more serious is that the quality of women’s jobs is much lower than that of men’s. The difference in the proportions of non-regular work between men and women had gradually decreased since 2011 until it grew again to the level of 2012 in the first half of 2016.１０ This gap becomes particularly large around the age of 30 when many women are forced to have their career interrupted largely due to their childcare responsibilities.１１ Women’s career breaks combined with ‘glass ceiling’ is one of the key reasons for which the ROK ranks in the first place every year among the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) members in terms of wage gap between men and women.１２ 16. According to the survey results released by the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family on 1 March, 2017, among the rape criminals who, after being convicted of sex crimes against children or adolescents, had their personal information made public, 32.3% were put on probation in 2015. Although this probation rate, after hitting the peak of 42.0% in 2012, has continuously declined, one in every three criminals who were convicted of rape against children is still set free on suspended sentences.１３ 17. A growing number of online sex crimes, including sexual harassment or violence through Social Network Services and other online platforms, have been reported throughout the world in recent years and the ROK is not an exception. The Government needs to take actions to address these 3 / 12