(DITRDCA), has a prevention and education team which targets programs to First Nations and CALD communities including language resources, training, and provision of general advice. For example, the Office partners with the National Indigenous Australians Agency (NIAA) in program delivery to First Nations communities and engages with community sector organisations to identify how to support them to raise awareness of online safety. They currently have an identified project on image-based abuse and Islamic women and are considering how best to safely and effectively communicate the project in a culturally safe and appropriate way. The AGD Justice Reinvestment team sits within one of five joint taskforce groups established under the Closing the Gap National Agreement with the C0alition of Peaks that has a strategic framework now being implemented with a key aim of reducing racism and holding institutions to greater account. The aforementioned Scanlon Institute social cohesion work funded by the Scanlon Foundation informs government policy and program development, and Australia remains possibly the only nation with an index of social cohesion. Home Affairs’ Living Safely Together website provides an example of practical information explicitly referencing social cohesion to combat violent extremism. ASIO emphasises social cohesion as a mechanism for countering threats to national security, and social cohesion has become integrated in a wide range of federal government policies and programs. ‘And this, you know, this fantastic annual social cohesion survey and index that we have (we are) the only country in the world to actually measure it in the way that we do. And I think that says something, you know, that says something important about, you know, about the way that we look and the way that we value social cohesion.’29 ‘I think it's important to note that they [Home Affairs] do put social cohesion at the centre of their policy settings on countering (violent extremism), so the difference between counterterrorism and countering violent extremism is that the countering violent extremism framework actually does locate the promotion of social cohesion, the promotion of embracing multiculturalism pretty much at the centre of where it's going in policy terms, and I think that point is often overlooked, you know, when people are having a go, or they conflate what, they conflate the important distinctions in policy and program terms between what countering terrorism looks like versus what CVE looks like.’30 An example of government responsiveness to issues affecting communities was the experience of Asian Australians during the COVID-19 pandemic, which was a driver for the Commission to partner with the Online Hate Prevention Institute and Meta on in29 Federal stakeholder interview (Community) 30 Federal Stakeholder interview (Community) 21