‘There are some very self-righteous individuals that think that Australia doesn't talk about race, therefore, they're in denial, and therefore, they are not dealing with race in the way that they should. That's not necessarily the case. And it's a bit backward thinking that you need to get Australia to go through this great cathartic exercise of facing up to race in order to move beyond racism.’23 Some stakeholders identified strong positive associations in their research between Australians’ belief in structural racism and support for any form of anti-racism measures. Others believe that centering activities on racism alienates those whose beliefs and behaviours need to shift. One community sector participant nominated the need for a focus on addressing the fears and concerns of perpetrators to ultimately address racist behaviours: ‘Because there's a certain group of people in the community that just think [of antiracism information or campaigns] well, that's, that's targeting me, and I'm not one of them. But in fact, racism has to be broken down into its component parts. What are the actual fears that the perpetrators are dealing with, that need to be addressed in order for them to get beyond that fear? And, and move forward? …What are these components? And how do we address them? Because if you don't do that, you won't they won't matter what you do under some sort of anti-racism banner. So, I think this area of equity, but it has to be a population wide equity, non-equity simply to those people that we think are the most likely to be victims, they probably are. But that's not what's going to solve the problem for them.’24 Carrying the cultural load Several issues were raised in interviews that can be grouped together under the theme of communities that are the target of racism and racist behaviours having to bear the responsibility for addressing the problem. Many of those interviewed nominated key stakeholders in anti-racism work as almost exclusively CALD communities and their organisations. Some participants did note a more recent shift in focus beyond work with CALD communities to addressing right-wing extremism, hate speech and mis- or disinformation, as mentioned above. Some noted that the individualistic nature of work addressing racism in Australia often fails to support building neighbourhood and community strength and social cohesion. A victim-centered approach cannot address shifting the mindsets and behaviours of those who perpetrate or support racist ideas and behaviours. 23 24 Federal stakeholder interview (Community) Federal stakeholder interview (Community) 17