12 Maranga Mai! recommendations for the National Action Plan Against Racism (NAPAR). The report is also for the consideration of politicians, central and local government, public sector officials and policy makers, when making or reviewing current legislation, policy or services which impact on Māori or affect their interests. Politicians and political parties have a particular responsibility not only to eliminate racism, but to show leadership in not displaying racism, or encouraging racism against Māori or any other ethnic group. This report conveys the hard truth about how Māori have experienced colonisation, racism and white supremacy in Aotearoa. It is not what most New Zealanders understand, or necessarily believe, as the denial of racism in Aotearoa is a long-standing legacy that many governments and settler society, over successive generations, have refused to accept. For this reason alone, it should be read and discussed widely so Aotearoa can have mature conversations about racism. For without truth-telling, there can be neither justice nor reconciliation for tangata whenua, or honour for kāwanatanga and wider society, under Te Tiriti. The development and implementation of a comprehensive national plan to end racism cannot be undertaken without the full and active partnership and participation of iwi, hapū and whānau. It is imperative that their voices are heard, understood and acted on. Maranga Mai! adds to the growing body of evidence about these matters in Aotearoa. Main recommendations for Maranga Mai! Commit to constitutional transformation The principal recommendation of Maranga Mai! tasks the government with committing to constitutional transformation and establishing co-governance as recommended and articulated by the Matike Mai Aotearoa and He Puapua reports. Central to this reform would be the government condemning and rejecting the constitutional application of the Doctrine of Discovery to Aotearoa and committing to Te Tiriti and He Whakaputanga o Nu Tireni | the Declaration of Independence (1835) (He Whakaputanga), as the source of legitimacy for kāwanatanga. As stated in the Matike Mai Aotearoa report on constitutional transformation: Te Tiriti never intended us to be “one people” as Governor Hobson proclaimed in 1840 but it did envisage a constitutional relationship where everyone could have a place in this land (Independent Working Group on Constitutional Transformation, 2018, p. 112). Rather Te Tiriti established a partnership between the tino rangatiratanga of Māori and the kāwanatanga of the Crown. This recommendation would include recognising and restoring tino rangatiratanga as the pre-existing and ongoing form of Māori indigenous authority and self-determination, under He Whakaputanga, Te Tiriti, and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP, 2007). Establish a Truth, Reconciliation and Justice Commission The second key recommendation of Maranga Mai! is to establish a three-year Truth, Reconciliation and Justice Commission as the first step towards constitutional reform. This Commission will set a pathway to realise tino rangatiratanga and constitutional certainty for Te Tiriti before the bicentenary of its signing in 2040. A Truth, Reconciliation and Justice Commission would focus on enhancing understanding about the injustices perpetrated against tangata whenua by the Crown, and lead to healing and reconciliation between tangata whenua and the government, and Tiriti peoples. It would also establish transitional justice processes to restore tino rangatiratanga and honour Te Tiriti. This is a separate process from the Waitangi Tribunal, which is primarily concerned with claims bought by Māori in relation to breaches of Te Tiriti. Such a Commission will represent a positive step forward for Aotearoa to progress the journey to eliminate racism. More importantly, it will shine a light on why Aotearoa needs constitutional reform and co-governance for tangata whenua. Co-governance