iv CONTENTS CHAPTER 5 JUDICIAL DEVELOPMENT • Native Customary Land Rights in Sabah • Native Customary Land Rights in Sarawak • Orang Asli Land Rights in Peninsular Malaysia • Key Features of Aboriginal and Native Customary Rights 67 68 71 76 80 CHAPTER 6 FINDINGS – SABAH I Issues Related to Native Land Rights II Constraints that Impede Sabah Natives’ Right to Land III Effectiveness of Responses to Native Land Claims 81 82 101 108 CHAPTER 7 FINDINGS – SARAWAK I Issues Related to Native Land Rights II Constraints that Impede Sarawak Natives’ Right to Land III Effectiveness of Responses to Natives Land Claims 111 112 124 127 CHAPTER 8 FINDINGS – PENINSULAR MALAYSIA I Issues Related to Orang Asli Land Rights II Constraints that Impede Orang Asli Right to Land III Effectiveness of Responses to Orang Asli Land Claims 129 130 149 152 CHAPTER 9 IMPACTS OF RECOGNITION AND NON RECOGNITION OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES’ RIGHT TO LAND • Introduction • Socio-Cultural and Psychological Impacts • Economic Impacts • Political Impacts • Health and Environmental Impacts 155 CHAPTER 10 • • 163 164 164 164 166 168 170 171 173 RECOMMENDATIONS General Conclusions General Recommendations • Recognise Indigenous Customary Rights to Land • Remedy Land Loss • Address Land Development Issues/Imbalances • Prevent Future Loss of NCR Land • Address Land Administration Issues • Recognise Land as Central to Indigenous Peoples’ Identity 156 157 158 159 160 ANNEXES (AVAILABLE IN THE DVD) ANNEX I Public Consultation Timetable, National Inquiry into the Land Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Malaysia ANNEX II List of Witnesses for Public Hearings Based on Region ANNEX III List of Media and Type of Coverage ANNEX IV Summary of Cases and Responses from the Relevant Agencies for Sabah ANNEX V Summary of Cases and Responses from the Relevant Agencies for Sarawak ANNEX VI Summary of Cases and Responses from the Relevant Agencies for Peninsular Malaysia ANNEX VII Research Report (Sabah): “Indigenous Peoples Access to Customary Lands: A Question of Rights in Contemporary Sabah” ANNEX VIII Research Report (Sarawak): “Indigenous Land Conflicts in Sarawak” ANNEX IX Research Report (Semenanjung Malaysia): “Issues of Conflicts on Land in Peninsular Malaysia” ANNEX X The Legal Framework on Indigenous Land Rights in Malaysia Report SUHAKAM i-xx_a4.indd 4 7/5/13 6:39 PM