3. United Nations Principles and Guidelines for Access to Legal Aid in the Criminal System These principles outline guidelines to be followed by the state to implement the widely recognized right to legal representation and legal aid for persons who cannot afford it, bearing in mind the important role played by access to legal representation in the enjoyment of an individual’s right to a fair trial. 4. Revision of the UN Manual on the Effective Prevention and Investigation of ExtraLegal, Arbitrary and Summary Executions (The Minnesota Protocol) This is the revised supplementary manual to the UN Principles on the Effective Prevention and Investigation of Extra-legal, Arbitrary and Summary Executions (1989), which outlines the safeguards and policies to be implemented to ensure the protection of life in custody, and the objective procedure to be followed when investigating unlawful deaths. 5. United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial Measures (The Tokyo Rules) These measures promote the use of non-custodial measures as alternatives to imprisonment, as well as set minimum safeguards to ensure incarcerated persons receive fair treatment in prison. This instrument promotes greater community involvement in the rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders, while creating among offenders a sense of accountability and responsibility towards society. Member states are expected to develop non-custodial measures within their legal systems to provide alternate options to reduce the use of imprisonment, and to rationalize criminal justice policies according to human rights principles whilst upholding the requirements of social justice and rehabilitation of the offender. 6. UN Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment These principles focus on the protection of all persons under any form of detention or imprisonment. These guidelines state that persons in places of detention should be treated in a humane manner with respect to their inherent dignity. Likewise, arrest, detention or imprisonment shall only be carried out strictly in accordance with the provisions of the law, and there should be no unlawful restriction upon or derogation from any human rights of such individuals. 24