Conceptualizing and Measuring Modern Democracy 35 3 The language itself has captured and currently ironically reflects the deteriorated, poor state of affairs. Filipinos use the term pagpag (shake, shaken) in a context not used 15 or 20 years ago; it now refers to le -over, spoiling food retrieved from restaurants' le -over refuse, garbage dumps and trash cans, literally shaken (pagpag) to free it from dirt and other contaminants to become standard fare for dirt-poor ci zens. Pagpag was known before as kanin baboy (pigs' food), treated even by the poorest as simply unfit for human consump on. Now, a new breed of entrepreneurs formidably work the informal economy, recycling tradi onal kanin baboy into pagpag and ironically helping improve the nutri onal and poverty sta s cs of the country. REFERENCES A. Books Abinales, Patricio N. Images of State Power. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press, 1998. Aristotle. The Politics [Ernest Barker, ed. and trans.]. New York: Oxford University Press, 1962 Alagappa, Muktiah. Civil society and Political Changes in Asia: Expanding and Contracting Democratic space. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 2004: 100-101. Azurin, Rene B. Power Without Virtue: A Critical Perspective on Philippine Governance. Pasig City: Anvil Publishing, 2008. Azurin, Rene B. Hacking Our Democracy: The Conspiracy to Electronically Control Philippine Elections. Quezon City: Business World Publishing Corporation, 2013. Balgos, Cecile, Malou Mangahas and Ramon Casiple, eds. Campaign Finance Reader: Money, Politics and the May 2010 Elections. Quezon City: Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism, 2010. Balisacan, Arsenio M and Shigeaki Fujisaki, eds. Causes of Philippine Poverty: Myths, Facts & Policies. University of the Philippines Press, 1999. Berlin, Isaiah, Freedom and Betrayal: Six Enemies of Human Liberty. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003. Bobbio, Norberto. The Future of Democracy. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1987 Boix, Carles. Democracy and Redistribution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003 Braybrooke, David: Three Tests for Democracy: Personal Rights, Human Welfare, Collective Preference. New York: Random House, 1968. Coronel, Sheila, ed. Pork and Other Perks: Corruption and Governance in the Philippines. [Pasig, Metro Manila:] Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism, 1998.