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Chasing the Wind: Assessing Philippine Democracy, Second Edition
banks, and the social security and government insurance systems. These are
lucrative positions which earn the columnists, depending on the corporation,
between P50,000 and P250,000 (USD 1000 and USD 5000) a month. They
constitute a formidable incentive for commenting favorably on the
government, especially the appointing power.
Following her State of the Nation Address in July 2005, Arroyo, like her
predecessor Corazon Aquino, also limited media access to her press
conferences. Reporters from independent local media complained against
control of the free press and Arroyo's stage-managed press conferences. Local
reporters from private media were forced to submit questions in advance,
while reporters from State-controlled media were given priority. Three out of
six mainstream TV channels are controlled by the government. In one instance,
foreign media were completely banned from covering Mrs. Arroyo's press
conference.
The draft information act
Although guaranteed by the Constitution and the executive orders of two
presidents, freedom of information in the Philippines is not covered by any law.
There have been proposals for access to information acts in the past, but
journalists' groups opposed them because rather than widening the scope for
information access, the proposed laws narrowed it by focusing on ofcial
information that could be withheld.
Journalists have also argued that despite the absence of such a law, and the
consequent arbitrariness of ofcial decisions on which information to release
and which to withhold, the Philippines has not lagged behind other South East
Asian countries that do have information laws, such as Thailand. In fact, these
journalists claim, ofcial information has generally been more available in the
Philippines than in other countries (Chua, 2003). However, the Philippine NGO
Access to Information Network (ATIN) argues, “denial of access to information
on matters of public concern in the Philippines remains widespread.” (Access
to Information Network, 2002, meeting.)
ATIN's observation is probably true in terms of the public's, rather than
journalists' access to ofcial information. Since many government agencies are
afraid to incur the displeasure of the media, especially the Manila-based
newspapers and such organizations as the PCIJ, they eventually, if not readily,
release requested information. This is not the case when ordinary citizens, such
as members of NGOs, request the release of ofcial information. Even public
documents like police blotters have been described by the police as “classied”
when journalism students request access. In some cases, student requests for
information are either denied, or answered with interminable delays.
ATIN thus drafted an information act for the consideration of the Philippine
Congress. ATIN's draft of “An Act to Ensure Public Access to Ofcial
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