Even after migration, caste can shape issues of domestic and family violence through social, cultural and economic factors that inform the increased prevalence of violence among lower caste women, including their lower social standing and restricted decision-making autonomy, their lower economic status, and their partner’s alcohol consumption, 109 as well as a lack of legal mechanisms to bring perpetrators to account.110 Casteism also creates boundaries for personal relationships, seen for instance in the Australian dating app Dil Mil, which contains a filter option for top tier caste groups to find matches within their own caste, while omitting any options for lower caste groups.111 The Commission heard that greater acknowledgement of, education on, and responses to this overlap of casteism and racism, is a key component of recognising the intersectional experiences of caste discrimination within Australia’s multicultural migrant communities. Though they are by no means exhaustive, these examples are windows to the multifaceted conceptual framework of intersectionality. They attest to how experiences of racism and racial discrimination are uniquely situated, engaging many systems of power all at once. In a similar way, the institutions and structures that perpetuate racist harms work through interlocking systems of power in ways that go beyond the sum of their parts. An intersectional approach is attentive to this, providing the flexibility to recognise and respond to the diverse forms that discrimination can take in the lives of individuals and communities. As such, any solutions to progress the implementation of a national anti-racism initiative must take an intersectional approach. National Anti-Racism Framework Scoping Report 2022 | 74