HEALTH – ARTICLE 12 46. Social and Health outcomes are often worse for sexual and gender minorities. For example:44 ➢ Women are around 1.6 times more likely to have been diagnosed with a common mental disorder (20%) than men (13%) ➢ Women were more likely to experience psychological distress than men (7% vs 5%) MĀORI AND PACIFIC WOMEN 47. 48. As a group, Māori have poorer health outcomes than non-Māori for many indicators:45 ➢ Māori have higher rates than non-Māori for many health conditions and chronic diseases, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and asthma ➢ Māori experience higher disability rates ➢ Māori adults and children are also more likely than their non-Māori counterparts to have unmet health needs. In this regard, barriers continue to exist in relation to cost, childcare availability and transport Pacific people also continue to experience poorer health outcomes than other groups:46 ➢ Life expectancy is more than four years less than for the total population; ➢ Pacific people experience higher levels of unmet primary health care needs – the cost of visits to doctors and prescriptions have been identified as key barriers ➢ Infant mortality rates have remained static at about 20% higher than for the rest of the population ➢ Pacific people have higher rates of infectious diseases than other New Zealanders Health outcomes for Māori and Pacific children 49. 44 Māori children and young people are over-represented in negative health outcomes. For example, around one in five Māori children has asthma – a rate 1.4 times that of non-Māori children.47 Māori children are almost twice as likely to be either obese or morbidly obese compared with non-Māori children.48 Māori young people have a suicide rate that is 2.8 times higher than that of non-Māori youth.49 Māori children have a higher rate of unmet health needs: Māori children were 1.4 times more likely not to have accessed primary health https://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/assets/Uploads/MHF-Quick-facts-and-stats-FINAL.pdf 45 Ministry of Health, (2015). Tatau Kahukura: Māori Health Chart Book 2015 (3rd edition). Wellington: Ministry of Health. http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/tatau-kahukura-Māori-health-chart-book-2015-3rdedition 46 http://www.bpac.org.nz/BPJ/2010/November/docs/BPJ_32_infectious_pages_10-14.pdf 47 Ministry of Health, (2015), Annual Update of Key Results 2014/15: New Zealand Health Survey, at p 51. 48 Ibid at 17. 49 Ibid at 19. 10