Chapter 2 - Report of the Complaints, Monitoring and Inquiries Group II. INQUIRIES DIVISION If you want total security, go to prison. There you’re fed, clothed, given medical care and so on. The only thing lacking……is freedom. Dwight D. Eisenhower, the 34th President of the United States 1. PUBLIC INQUIRY INTO THE INCIDENTS BEFORE AND DURING THE PUBLIC ASSEMBLY OF 9 JULY 2011 On 9 July 2011, a public assembly was held in Kuala Lumpur to show support for the demands of the Coalition for Clean and Fair Elections (Bersih 2.0). By then, the Government had declared Bersih 2.0 to be an illegal movement, leading to the Royal Malaysian Police taking preventive action, including the arrest of several individuals connected to the coalition. However, the assembly proceeded as planned. An unspecified number of people gathered at several locations in Kuala Lumpur from about 8am to 4pm, prompting the police to disperse the crowds using water cannon and tear gas. After the assembly, numerous allegations of infringement of human rights were reported to the Commission, which then decided to conduct a Public Inquiry. In response to its request for further information, the Commission received eight public submissions, five of which were from individuals and three from organisations – the Bar Council, Tenaganita, and Suara Rakyat Malaysia and Bersih 2.0 which submitted a joint submission. In total, 36 names were submitted as possible witnesses. The Public Inquiry Panel comprised Datuk Dr Khaw Lake Tee (Chairperson); Prof Emeritus Dato’ Dr Mahmood Zuhdi Hj Ab Majid (Member); and Mr Detta Samen (Member). The terms of reference were: 1. 64 To determine whether there were any violations of the human rights of any person or any party prior to or during the public assembly on 9 July;