174 ibid HRCM (2019). Anti-Torture Report. Retrieved 8th September 2019, from http://hrcm.org.mv/publications/otherreports/AntiTortureReport2019.pdf 176 Ibid 177 HRCM (2014). HRCM Submission to the Universal Periodic Review of the Maldives, April –May 2015 (22nd session). Retrieved 8th September 2019, from http://www.hrcm.org.mv/Publications/otherdocuments/UPR_submission_Sept_2014.pdf 178 Information provided by stakeholders for UN Concluding Observation follow-up 179 ibid 180 Juvenile Justice Unit (2018). Juvenile offenders Report 2018. Retrieved 28th September 2019, from http://jju.gov.mv/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Media-Report-Year-2018.pdf 181 Juvenile Justice Unit (2017). Juvenile offenders Report 2017. Retrieved 28th September 2019, from http://jju.gov.mv/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Media-Report-Year-2017-Final.pdf 182 Juvenile Justice Unit (2016). Juvenile offenders Report 2016. Retrieved 28th September 2019, from http://jju.gov.mv/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Media-Report-Year-2016.pdf 183 Juvenile Justice Unit (2015). Juvenile offenders Report 2015. Retrieved 28th September 2019, from http://jju.gov.mv/wp-content/uploads/2015%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%80%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%8E%DE%AC%DE%89%DE%A9%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A7-%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%95%DE%AF%DE%93%DE%B0.pdf 184 findings from atoll monitoring visits (2019) 185 Juvenile Justice Unit (2019). Juvenile offenders Report 2018. Retrieved 28th September 2019, from http://jju.gov.mv/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Media-Report-Year-2018.pdf Juvenile Justice Unit (2019). Juvenile offenders Report 2017. Retrieved 28th September 2019, from http://jju.gov.mv/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Media-Report-Year-2017-Final.pdf Juvenile Justice Unit (2019). Juvenile offenders Report 2016. Retrieved 28th September 2019, from http://jju.gov.mv/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Media-Report-Year-2016.pdf Juvenile Justice Unit (2015). Juvenile offenders Report 2015. Retrieved 28th September 2019, from http://jju.gov.mv/wp-content/uploads/2015%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%80%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%8E%DE%AC%DE%89%DE%A9%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A7-%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%95%DE%AF%DE%93%DE%B0.pdf 186 Penal Code of the Maldives 2014 (Law number: 9/2014) chapter 50, article number 53(b)(1), (c), (MDV) 187 Attorney General’s Office (2017). Regulation number 2017/R-78 Regulation to provide legal aid to those suspects of criminal offences, who cannot afford a lawyer Retrieved 28th September 2019, fromhttp://mvlaw.gov.mv/pdf/gavaid/AGO/R782017.pdf Attorney General’s Office (2018). Regulation number 2017/R62 First amendment to the Regulation to provide legal aid to those suspects of criminal offences, who cannot afford a lawyer Retrieved 28th September 2019, from http://mvlaw.gov.mv/pdf/gavaid/AGO/R62-2018.pdf 188 HRCM (2018). Submission from the Human Rights Commission of the Maldives for information on the initial report submitted by Maldives under Article 19 of Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhumane or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, p.10. para.24-25. Retrieved 8th September 2019, from 189 HRCM (2018). Visit to Asseyri Prison 2016, p.35-36. Retrieved 8th September 2019, from http://www.hrcm.org.mv/publications/otherreports/AsseyriPrisonReport20161332017.pdf 190 UNODC. The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules). Retrieved 8th September 2019, from https://www.unodc.org/documents/justice-and-prison-reform/GA-RESOLUTION/E_ebook.pdf 191 OHCHR (1990). United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (The Riyadh Guidelines). Retrieved 8th September 2019, from https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/PreventionOfJuvenileDelinquency.aspx 192 OHCHR (1985). United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice ("The Beijing Rules"). Retrieved 8th September 2019, from https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/ProfessionalInterest/beijingrules.pdf 193 HRCM, NPM (2015). Special visit conducted to ETCC on November 2015. 194 HRCM (2016). Directive (Directive Number (DIR) 168-NPM/459/1) to Ministry of Law and Gender under Article 21,26 of Human Rights Commission’s Act (Law number 6/2006). 195 HRCM (2018). Submission from the Human Rights Commission of the Maldives for information on the initial report submitted by Maldives under Article 19 of Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhumane or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, p.38. para.116. Retrieved 8th September 2019, from http://hrcm.org.mv/publications/otherreports/HRCMSubmissionToCAT2018.pdf 196 19th Parliament Members. (2019). Retrieved September 20, 2019 from: https://majlis.gov.mv/en/19-parliament/members 197 Councils. (2019). Retrieved September 20, 2019 from: https://www.lga.gov.mv/councils 198 Information obtained from stakeholders and stakeholder meetings August to September 2019 199 The Cabinet. (2019). Retrieved September 20, 2019 from: https://presidency.gov.mv/Government/Cabinet/16 200 Information obtained from stakeholders and stakeholder meetings August to September 2019 201 Ibid 202 Finding from atoll monitoring visits (2019) 203 IFES (2015). Qualitative Assessment: Perceptions about Women’s Participation in Public Life in the Maldives. Retrieved on September 20, 2019 from: https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/maldives_qualitativeassessment_final_0.pdf 204 Information obtained from stakeholders and stakeholder meetings August to September 2019 205 Ibid 12 175