The Independent Commission for Human Rights (ICHR) | Shadow report is reflected in the ability of women to access their economic, social, and cultural rights, especially in relation to the freedom of choice, equal pay, right to property, education, access to justice, and other rights that directly impact women’s capability of integrating into the development process in a broad sense. - In 2022, women’s participation in the labour force was about 19 percent out of the total number of women of working age. By contrast, men’s participation in the labour force was as high as 69 percent. On the other hand, unemployment among women participating in the labour force represented some 40 percent in comparison to 20 percent among men. Approximately 50 percent of salaried women employees in the private sector earned a monthly wage less than the average minimum wage (1,880 NIS). Some 40 percent of women employees hired in the private sector worked without an employment contract. Fifty six (56) percent of these working women did not receive a contribution to financing retirement and/or end of the service packages. On the other hand, 54 percent of women in private wage employment did not receive paid maternity leave. Of the total employees in the public sector, some 48 percent were women. The gap is all the more significant in the percentage of those who hold the rank of Director General and higher, namely, 14 percent among women compared to 86 percent among men.1 Against this background, the ICHR recommends that:  The government adopt a clear definition of discrimination against women. Regulations and policies will be aligned accordingly.  Financed executive policies and plans be put in place to eliminate the gender gap in the labour market, which prevents women from accessing their rights on an equal footing with men. Right to work - Intended to realise and protect the right to work, government policies and procedures continue to be inadequate. Unemployment rates further reflect a regional and gender gap. In 2022, full employment was 74.1 percent of labour force participation, including 78.2 percent among males and 58.4 percent among females. The unemployment rate in Palestine is still as high as 1 Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. Press Release on the Reality of Palestinian Women on the Eve of the International Women’s Day, on 08/03/2023 under the title “DigitALL: Innovation and technological change, and education in the digital age for achieving gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls”. 10