List of figures Figure 1: Frequency and length of stays in segregation: 2019 10 Figure 2: Segregation stays longer than 15 days: occurrences in 2019 16 Figure 3: Ethnic makeup of New Zealand general population, prisons, segregation units, and longer segregation stays 17 Figure 4: Ethnic groups representation in NZ general public; prisons; and different types of segregation 17 Figure 5: Frequency and length of stays in a Youth Justice Facility’s Secure Care unit: June – December 2019 29 Figure 6: Frequency and length of stays in a Youth Justice Facility’s Secure Care unit: 2016 and 2019 compared 29 Figure 7: Frequency and length of stays in a Care and Protection Residence’s Secure Care Unit August 2019 – January 2020 30 Figure 8: Frequency and length of stays in a Care and Protection Residence’s Secure Care unit: 2016 and 2019 compared 30 Figure 9: Average number of seclusion events and seclusion hours 2016–2019 Health and Disability facilities 41 Figure 10: Service users secluded October 2019 – March 2020 by ethnicity 42 Figure 11: Seclusion events October 2019 – March 2020 by service user’s ethnicity 42 6