IX. Photographs
X. Diagnostic test results (see annex II for indications and limitations)
XI. Consultations
XII. Interpretation of findings
1. Physical evidence
a. Correlate the degree of consistency between the history of acute and chronic physical
symptoms and disabilities with allegations of abuse.
b. Correlate the degree of consistency between physical examination findings and
allegations of abuse. (Note: The absence of physical findings does not exclude the
possibility that torture, or ill-treatment was inflicted.)
c. Correlate the degree of consistency between examination findings of the individual
with knowledge of torture methods and their common after-effects used in a particular
region.
2. Psychological evidence
a. Correlate the degree of consistency between the psychological findings and the report
of alleged torture.
b. Provide an assessment of whether the psychological findings are expected or typical
reactions to extreme stress within the cultural and social context of the individual.
c. Indicate the status of the individual in the fluctuating course of trauma-related mental
disorders over time, i.e. What is the time frame in relation to the torture events and
where in the course of recovery is the individual?
d. Identify any coexisting stressors impinging on the individual (e.g. ongoing persecution,
forced migration, exile, loss of family and social role, etc.) and the impact these may
have on the individual.
e. Mention physical conditions that may contribute to the clinical picture, especially with
regard to possible evidence of head injury sustained during torture or detention.
XIII. Conclusions and recommendations
1. Statement of opinion on the consistency between all sources of evidence cited above
(physical and psychological findings, historical information, photographic findings,
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