Fourth: An Iraqi may have multiple citizenships. Everyone who assumes a senior, security or sovereign position must abandon any other acquired citizenship. This shall be regulated by law. Fifth: Iraqi citizenship shall not be granted for the purposes of the policy of population settlement that disrupts the demographic composition of Iraq. Sixth: Citizenship provisions shall be regulated by law. The competent courts shall consider the suits arising from those provisions. Article 19: First: The judiciary is independent and no power is above the judiciary except the law. Second: There is no crime or punishment except by law. The punishment shall only be for an act that the law considers a crime when perpetrated. A harsher punishment than the applicable punishment at the time of the offense may not be imposed. Third: Litigation shall be a protected and guaranteed right for all. Fourth: The right to a defense shall be sacred and guaranteed in all phases of investigation and the trial. Fifth: The accused is innocent until proven guilty in a fair legal trial. The accused may not be tried for the same crime for a second time after acquittal unless new evidence is produced. Sixth: Every person shall have the right to be treated with justice in judicial and administrative proceedings. Seventh: The proceedings of a trial are public unless the court decides to make it secret. Eighth: Punishment shall be personal. Ninth: Laws shall not have retroactive effect unless stipulated otherwise. This exclusion shall not include laws on taxes and fees. Tenth: Criminal laws shall not have retroactive effect, unless it is to the benefit of the accused. Eleventh: The court shall appoint a lawyer at the expense of the state for an accused of a felony or misdemeanor who does not have a defense lawyer.