60 | HUMANITY AMIDST CONFLICTS 3) what approachesare they going to use? translations. So, it has to be suited to more Bearing those things in mind, they were able to people whoshould benefit from it. identify the gaps in the promotion of IHL. 6) IHL Education Turfing Inthe promotionof IHL,it appears that there Identified Gaps: are some organizational and sectoral Theidentified gaps are as follows: differences especially in the matter of turfing. There seemsto be other groups claiming to be 1) The national government has no national only experts on IHL andat the sametime, they program regarding IHL. The military program are the only onesthathave the right to promote is not the national program.It’s only partof THL. But actually, IHL is the concern of the national program. But as a whole, evenif different sectors and different stakeholders. the governmentis a signatory of the Geneva 7) Lack of standardization as to content of IHL. Conventions, it appears that educational Atty. Chauhan noted someconsiderations in measures, especially regarding promotion of teaching IHL like what should be included in IHL,is lacking. There is no program in this teaching IHL to the grassroots and to the regard. weaponbearers. At present, they know it now 2) Thereis also lack of legislated Actforit to be enforced. So how could the violators be held accountable? 3) Not enough IHL education onthepart of the because there is a curriculum. But their concern is, what about the other sectors? 8) Lack ofsufficient materials and approaches to IHL teachings. soldiers deployed on the ground. As Atty. Chauhan emphasized,it is not enoughto just RECOMMENDATIONS conduct lectures. And perhapsnotall soldiers Rapporteur: Mr. Mark Magudayao whoare deployed to the armedconflict areas Representative, Samahang Demokratiko ng are really internalizing IHL principles. Kabataan 4) Thereis also lack of local mechanisms and structures to promote IHL. There are few Mr. Magudayao,a student of the University ofthe organizations, governmentorganizations,civil Philippines, started his presentation by relaying a society organizations who promote IHL story of Mr. Li Yongsheng,their fellow group especially at the countryside. member who came from the Embassyof the The promotion of IHL appears to be very People’s Republic of China, who shared his circumstantial. When there are problemsthat experiences on the implementation of IHLin his arise, then that will be thetimeto think of IHL. own country specifically the promotion aspect. Cited as exampleis the present event that has Accordingto him, the sharing of those experiences been celebrated (referring to the kidnapped really helped them a lot to come up with specific ICRC members). After which, it would be recommendations to improve orintensify the eventually forgotten. promotion of IHLin the Philippines. 5) The language used in JHL education at the grassroots is very technical, legal, academic Noting the gap which has been mentionedearlier, and often times, in English. There are few the Philippine government has no National